Pericardial Effusion

Pericardial Effusion

Pericardial effusion (per-e-KAHR-dee-ul uh-FU-zhun) is the buildup of too much fluid in the double-layered, saclike structure around the heart (pericardium).

The space between these layers typically contains a thin layer of fluid. But if the pericardium is diseased or injured, the resulting inflammation can lead to excess fluid. Fluid can also build up around the heart without inflammation, such as from bleeding, related to a cancer or after chest trauma.

Pericardial effusion can put pressure on the heart, affecting how the heart works. If untreated, it may lead to heart failure or death in extreme cases.

Symptoms

Pericardial effusion may not cause any noticeable signs and symptoms, particularly if the fluid has increased slowly.

If pericardial effusion signs and symptoms do occur, they might include:

• Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing (dyspnea)
• Discomfort when breathing while lying down
• Chest pain, usually behind the breastbone or on the left side of the chest
• Chest fullness
• Lightheadedness or feeling faint
• Swelling in the abdomen or legs